Ponente
Descripción
Antecedentes: La contaminación ambiental ha ido aparejada al desarrollo industrial. Santa Clara es un municipio villaclareño que cuenta con múltiples industrias y hospitales potenciales contaminantes. Sus zonas urbanas son atravesadas por varios ríos que muestran señales de deterioro ambiental, producto del vertimiento inconsciente y descontrolado. Existen muchos procedimientos para mitigar la contaminación, entre ellos la biorremediación con microorganismos y enzimas, lo cual en nuestro medio no se ha implementado. Objetivo: Profundizar en la biorremediación de aguas residuales mediante el empleo de la enzima lacasa. Resultados: Se identifican los principales sitios de contaminación; se exponen las principales fuentes de la enzima lacasa y algunos métodos de purificación e inmovilización. Conclusiones: La lacasa es una enzima muy versátil en la degradación de compuestos fenólicos altamente tóxicos por su baja especificidad de sustrato, lo cual se ha aprovechado para el tratamiento de aguas procedentes de la industria farmacéutica, textil y agrícola. No cabe dudas que estas tecnologías limpias deben implementarse, para que la industria crezca en armonía con el medio ambiente. Bibliografía: Palazzolo M, Postemsky P, Kurina M. From agro-waste to tool: biotechnological characterization and application of Ganoderma lucidum E47 laccase in dye decolorization. Biotech 2019;9(6):213. Iark D, dos Reis A, Garcia J, Côrrea V, Helm C, Corrêa R et al. Enzymatic degradation and detoxification of azo dye Congo red by a new laccase from Oudemansiella canarii. Bioresour Technol 2019. Navada K, Kulal A. Enzymatic degradation of chloramphenicol by laccase from Trametes hirsuta and comparison among mediators. Int Biodeter Biodegr 2019;138:63–9.
Palabras clave: biorremediación, hongos, lacasa, enzima, aguas residuales, antibióticos, colorantes.
PROPOSAL FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LACASA ENZYME FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN VILLA CLARA PROVINCE.
Elena Carvajal Ciomina1, Ahmed Amaury Ruiz Moré2, Lidia González Méndez1, José Ramón Valdés Utrera2
1University of Medical Sciences. Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Cuba. Directorate of Science and Technological Innovation, Department of Biomedical Research.
2University of Medical Sciences. Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Cuba. Department of Basic Biomedical and Physiological Sciences.
Abstract
Background: Environmental contamination has gone along with industrial development. Santa Clara is a municipality of Villa Clara with multiple industries and potential polluting hospitals. Its urban areas are crossed by several rivers that show signs of environmental deterioration, product of unconscious and uncontrolled dumping. There are many procedures to mitigate contamination, among them bioremediation with microorganisms and enzymes, which has not been implemented in our environment. Objective: To deepen in the bioremediation of wastewater through the use of the laccase enzyme. Results: The main contamination sites are identified; the main sources of laccase enzyme and some purification and immobilization methods are exposed. Conclusions: Laccase is a very versatile enzyme in the degradation of highly toxic phenolic compounds due to its low substrate specificity, which has been exploited for the treatment of water from the pharmaceutical, textile and agricultural industries. There is no doubt that these clean technologies should be implemented, so that the industry can grow in harmony with the environment. Bibliography: Palazzolo M, Postemsky P, Kurina M. From agro-waste to tool: biotechnological characterization and application of Ganoderma lucidum E47 laccase in dye decolorization. Biotech 2019;9(6):213. Iark D, dos Reis A, Garcia J, Côrrea V, Helm C, Corrêa R et al. Enzymatic degradation and detoxification of azo dye Congo red by a new laccase from Oudemansiella canarii. Bioresour Technol 2019. Navada K, Kulal A. Enzymatic degradation of chloramphenicol by laccase from Trametes hirsuta and comparison among mediators. Int Biodeter Biodegr 2019;138:63-9.
Key words: bioremediation, fungi, laccase, enzyme, wastewater, antibiotics, dyes