Ponente
Descripción
Antecedentes: La industria es una fuente de recursos para suplir necesidades del hombre. En Cuba hay diseminadas múltiples industrias cuyos efluentes contienen como contaminantes metales y metaloides. Villa Clara no queda rezagada en esto; al contrario, muestra altos niveles de contaminación. Objetivo: Describir los mecanismos toxicológicos asociados a los metales y metaloides y profundizar en la enzima trimetafosfatasa y sus sustratos para descontaminar los suelos afectados. Resultados: Se describen afectaciones a nivel biomolecular y microbiano, a los suelos, las cosechas y la ganadería; y se proponen el empleo de polifosfatos como un biorremediador de los suelos, especialmente los procedentes de las algas marinas. Finalmente se proponen métodos para la síntesis del ciclotrifosfato y el ensayo de la enzima que lo hidroliza, la Trimetafosfatasa. Conclusiones: Es una temática tentativa de implementar en los entornos contaminados con metales pesados, para la revitalización de los suelos, mejorar las cosechas y generar productos agropecuarios más sanos y las aguas subterráneas sean más limpias. Bibliografía: Aponte H. Development of soil quality indices based on biological indicators to assess chemical soil degradation by metal(loid)s in soils near to a copper smelter [Tesis Doctoral]. Temuco, Chile: Universidad de la Frontera; 2020. Aponte H, Medina J, Butler B, Meier S, Cornejo
Palabras clave: contaminación, metales pesados, metaloides, calidad de los suelos, polifosfatos, algas marinas, microalgas, biomasa, enzima trimetafosfatasa.
Background: Industry is a source of resources to supply human needs. In Cuba there are multiple industries scattered throughout the country whose effluents contain metals and metalloids as contaminants. Villa Clara does not lag behind in this regard; on the contrary, it shows high levels of contamination. Objective: To describe the toxicological mechanisms associated to metals and metalloids and to deepen in the trimetaphosphatase enzyme and its substrates to decontaminate the affected soils. Results: Affectations at the biomolecular and microbial level, to soils, crops and livestock are described; and the use of polyphosphates as a soil bioremediator, especially those coming from marine algae, is proposed. Finally, methods for the synthesis of cyclotriphosphate and the assay of the enzyme that hydrolyzes it, Trimethaphosphatase, are proposed. Conclusions: It is a tentative subject to implement in environments contaminated with heavy metals, for the revitalization of soils, to improve crops and to generate healthier agricultural products and cleaner groundwater. Bibliography: Aponte H. Development of soil quality indices based on biological indicators to assess chemical soil degradation by metal(loid)s in soils near to a copper smelter [Doctoral Thesis]. Temuco, Chile: Universidad de la Frontera; 2020. Aponte H, Medina J, Butler B, Meier S, Cornejo P, Kuzyakov Y. Soil quality indices for metal(loid) contamination: An enzymatic perspective. Land Degradation and Development, 2020; 31(17):2700-2719. Aponte H, Meli P, Butler B, Paolini J, Matus F, Merino C, et al. Meta-analysis of heavy metal effects on soil enzyme activities. Science Total Environm 2020; 737, 139744.
Keywords: pollution, heavy metals, metalloids, soil quality, polyphosphates, seaweed, microalgae, biomass, enzyme trimetaphosphatase.
